BTEUP Applied Physics 2nd Syllabus 2024-25

APPLIED PHYSICS – II

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Applied physics includes the study of a diversified topics related to the world around us. It aims to give an understanding of this world both by observation and by prediction of the way in which objects behave. Concrete knowledge of physical laws, analysis and applications in various fields of engineering and technology are given prominence in this course content.
Note: Teachers should give examples of engineering/technology applications of various concepts and principles in each topic so that students are able to learn and appreciate these concepts and principles. In all contents, SI units should be followed.

COURSE OUTCOMES

After undergoing this subject, the student will be able to;

• Define wave motion its types (Transverse and Longitudinal), Periodic and Simple Harmonic Motion, solve simple problems.
• Define the terms: frequency, amplitude, wavelength, velocity of a wave.
• Explain various Engineering, Medical and Industrial applications of Ultrasonics.
• Apply acoustics principles to various types of buildings to get best sound effect
• Explain diffraction, interference, polarization.
• Define capacitance and its unit. They will be able to explain the function of capacitors in simple circuits, solve simple problems using C=Q/V
• Explain the role of free electrons in insulators, conductors and semiconductors, qualitatively the terms: potential, potential difference, electromotive force.
• Explain the concept of electric current, resistance and its measurement.
• List the effects of an electric current and their common applications, State and apply Ohm’s law, calculate the equivalent resistance of a variety of resistor combinations, determine the energy consumed by an appliance, distinguish between AC and DC electricity
• Explain Bio-Savart Law, Ampere’s law, Lorenz Force.
• State the laws of electromagnetic induction, describe the effect on a current-carrying conductor when placed in a magnetic field
• Explain operation of moving coil galvanometer, simple DC motor
• Apply the knowledge of diodes in rectifiers, adapters IC’s and various electronic circuits. Apply the concept of light amplification in designing of various LASER based instruments and optical sources.
• Explain total internal reflection and apply this concept for optical fiber and its uses in Medical field and Communication.

COURSE CONTENTS

1.Wave motion and its applications

1. Wave motion, transverse and longitudinal wave motion with examples. Sound and light waves and their properties. Definition of wave velocity, frequency and wave length and their relationship.
2. Wave equation y = r sin wt, phase, phase difference, principle of superposition of waves and amplitude
3. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): definition, expression for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period, frequency in S.H.M., Energy of a body executing S. H. M., study of vibration of cantilever and determination of its time period, concept of simple harmonic progressive wave.
4. Free, Damped and forced oscillations, Resonance with examples.
5. Echo and reverberation, Sabine formula for reverberation time(without derivation), coefficient of absorption of sound, methods to control reverberation time and their applications, Acoustics of building.
6. Ultrasonic – Introduction properties and applications in engineering and medical applications.

2.Optics

1. Basic optical laws – Reflection And Refraction, Refractive Index.
2. Images and image formation by mirrors, lenses (concept only), lens formula (without derivation), power of lens, magnification.
3. Total internal reflection, critical angle and conditions for total internal reflection, application of total internal reflection in optical fiber.
4. Optical instruments – Simple And Compound Microscope, astronomical telescope in normal adjustment, magnifying power, resolving power, use of microscope and telescope.

3.Electrostatics

1. Concept of charge, Coulombs law, Electric field of point charges, Electric lines of force and their properties, Electric flux, Electric potential and potential difference.
2. Gauss law of electrostatics: Application of Gauss law to find electric field intensity of straight charged conductor, plane charged sheet and charged sphere.
3. Capacitor and its working principle, Types of capacitors. Capacitance and its units. Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor. Series and parallel combination of capacitors (numerical).
4. Dielectric and its effect on capacitance, dielectric break down.

4.Current Electricity

1. Electric Current and its unit, direct and alternating current Resistance and its units, Specific Resistance, Conductance, Specific Conductance, Series and Parallel combination of Resistance Factors affecting Resistance of a wire, Colour coding of carbon Resistances, Ohm’s law.
2. Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge and its applications (slide wire bridge)
3. Concept of terminal potential difference and Electromotive force (EMF).
4. Heating effect of current, Electric power, Electric energy and its units (related numerical problems), Advantages of Electric Energy over other forms of energy

5.Electromagnetism

1. Types of magnetic materials. Dia, para and ferromagnetic materials with their properties.
2. Magnetic field and it units, magnetic intensity, magnetic lines of force, magnetic flux and its units, magnetization.
3. Concept of electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Laws, Lorentz force (Force on moving charge in magnetic field). Force on current carrying conductor.
4. Moving coil galvanometer – Principle of construction and working.
5. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and voltmeter.

6.Semiconductor physics

1. Energy bands in solids ( Definition only)Types of materials (insulator, semi conductor, conductor), intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction and P N junction diode and its V-I characteristics
2. Diode as rectifier – half wave and full wave rectifier (center taped),
3. Semiconductor transistor, PNP and NPN (concepts only) and some electronic application ( list only)
4. Application of semiconductor diodes (Zener, LED).

7.Modern Physics

1. Lasers: Energy levels, ionization and excitation potential, spontaneous and stimulated emission, population inversion, pumping methods.
2. Types of lasers: Ruby, He- Ne lasers, Laser characteristic, Engineering and medical applications of lasers.
3. Fiber optics- introduction to optical fibers, light propagation, acceptance angle and numerical aperture, fiber types, application in telecommunication, medical and sensors.
4. Nano Science and Nano technology: Introduction, nano particles and nano materials, properties at Nano scale, Nano technology, nano technology based devices and applications.

LIST OF PRACTICALS

(To perform minimum six experiments)

1. To determine the velocity of sound with the help of resonance tube.
2. To determine the time period of a cantilever.
3. To verify the laws of reflection from a plane mirror / interface.
4. To verify the laws of refraction (Snell’s law) using a glass slab.
5. To determine the focal length and magnifying power of a convex lens.
6. To verify laws of resistances in series and parallel combination.
7. To verify ohm’s laws by drawing a graph between voltage and current.
8. To measure very low resistance and very high resistances using Slide Wire bridge
9. Conversion of Galvanometer into an Ammeter and Voltmeter of given range.
10. To draw characteristics of a PN junction diode and determine knee and break down voltages.
11. To verify the Kirchhoff’s Law using electric circuit.
12. To find numerical aperture of an optical fiber.

INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY

Teacher may use various teaching aids like live models, charts, graphs and experimental kits etc. for imparting effective instructions in the subject. The teacher should explain about field applications before teaching the basics to develop proper understanding of the physical phenomenon. Use of demonstration and animations can make the subject interesting and may develop scientific temper in
the students. Teacher must plan a tour of Science Park/planetarium available in nearby areas in order to enhance the interest in this course.

MEANS OF ASSESSMENT

• Assignment & Quiz
• Mid-Term and End-Term written test
• Model Making
• Actual Lab & Practical Work
• Viva-Voice

RECOMMENDED BOOKS

1. Text Book of Physics (Part-I, Part-II); N.C.E.R.T., Delhi
2. Concepts in Physics by HC Verma, Vol. I & II, Bharti Bhawan Ltd. New Delhi
3. A Text Book of Optics, Subramanian and Brij Lal, S Chand & Co., New Delhi
4. Practical Physics, by C. L. Arora, S Chand publications
5. Engineering Physics by PV Naik, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
6. Modern Engineering Physics by SL Gupta, Sanjeev Gupta, Dhanpat Rai Publications.
7. Physics Volume 2, 5th edition, Haliday Resnick and Krane, Wiley publication
8. Fundamentals of Physics by Haliday, Resnick & Walker 7th edition, Wiley publication